What Is FBA (Functional Behavior Assessment)?
A process for identifying the underlying function or purpose of a student's challenging behavior to develop effective interventions.
A Functional Behavior Assessment (FBA) is a systematic process for determining why a student engages in challenging behavior. The core principle is that all behavior serves a function — typically to gain something (attention, access to a preferred activity, sensory input) or to avoid something (a difficult task, a social situation, sensory overload).
An FBA involves gathering data through observation, interviews, and record review to identify the antecedents (what happens before the behavior), the behavior itself, and the consequences (what happens after). This ABC analysis helps the team hypothesize the function of the behavior.
The FBA findings are used to develop a Behavior Intervention Plan (BIP) that addresses the root cause of the behavior rather than just the symptoms. Federal law requires an FBA when a student with a disability faces disciplinary removal of more than 10 school days.
Related Terms
BIP (Behavior Intervention Plan)
A plan that outlines specific strategies and supports to address a student's challenging behavior, based on the findings of a Functional Behavior Assessment.
PBIS (Positive Behavioral Interventions and Supports)
A school-wide framework for preventing behavioral problems through clear expectations, positive reinforcement, and tiered supports.
IEP (Individualized Education Program)
A legally binding document that outlines specialized instruction, goals, and services for a student with a disability under IDEA.
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