What Is Differentiated Instruction?
An approach to teaching that adapts content, process, product, or learning environment based on individual student needs, readiness, interests, and learning profiles.
Differentiated instruction is a teaching philosophy and set of strategies developed largely by Carol Ann Tomlinson. The core idea is that teachers should proactively modify curriculum, teaching methods, resources, learning activities, and student products to address the diverse needs of individual learners.
Differentiation can happen across four dimensions: content (what students learn), process (how they learn it), product (how they demonstrate learning), and learning environment (the classroom conditions). Teachers differentiate based on student readiness, interest, and learning profile.
Differentiation is not the same as individualization (creating a unique plan for every student) or tracking (grouping students by ability). It means designing flexible lessons where all students work toward the same essential understandings but may take different paths to get there.
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UDL (Universal Design for Learning)
A framework for designing flexible instruction that provides multiple means of engagement, representation, and action/expression to reach all learners.
Scaffolding
Temporary instructional supports that help students accomplish tasks they cannot yet do independently, gradually removed as competence increases.
Accommodations
Changes to how a student accesses or demonstrates learning without altering the content or expectations. The standard stays the same; the path changes.
ELL/ESL (English Language Learner)
A student whose first language is not English and who is in the process of developing English language proficiency.
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